Abstract: Rice is one of the main cultivated crops and a staple food for many populations in the world. However, root-knot nematode diseases pose a serious challenge to the rice planting and production. Among them, Meloidogyne graminicola (Mg) is considered to be the main pathogenic nematodes causing rice root-knot disease. Mg is widely distributed in major rice growing regions such as Asia, America, and South Africa; and has become a key biological factor restricting the safe production of rice. Additionally, under the global trend of climate warming, the population structure of Mg is expanding from south to north. In this review, the research progress on Mg in rice production was summarized, mainly including the occurrence, distribution, pathogenic mechanism, identification of Mg-resistant germplasm resources and genes, and control methods. Meanwhile, the discussion emphasized the potential impact of climate warming on the occurrence and distribution of Mg. Strengthening of real-time detection of Mg occurrence in rice fields in China is crucial for effectively managing this disease. Utilizing advanced techniques like whole-genome sequencing to explore new Mg-resistant rice resources, identifying new quantitative trait locus (QTL) or genes associated with resistance, and breeding varieties with long-lasting resistance will be primary direction for future Mg control. Additionally, exploring comprehensive control strategies by integrating Mg-resistant rice germplasm resources, biological control techniques, and optimized rice cultivation practices will further improve the efficiency of controlling nematode diseases in rice and ensure the safe and sustainable production of China’s rice industry.