Abstract: The serious viscosity of black soil is easy to increase the risk of maize lodging in the low temperature, humid and cold area of Northeast China. Straw crushing and returning to the field can improve the physical properties of soil, which is widely used in this area. However, the effect of straw crushing and returning to the field on maize lodging is not clear. This study explored the effect of straw crushing and returning to the field on root and stem lodging resistance of maize in humid and cold areas of eastern Jilin Province by analyzing the root failure moment (Rfm), stem lodging resistance index, total nodal roots number, brace root number, crushing strength of the 3rd internode at filling stage, and grain yield at mature stage of six varieties of maize. Results showed that the maize plant grown in the straw returning field had 14.9% higher root failure moment (Rfm), 5.34% higher stalk breaking percentage, 5.4% higher brace root number, 1.13% lower lodging rate in field, and 3.5% and 3.6% higher grain yield for Demeiya1 and Yanyu1, respectively than those grown in the non-straw returning field. Correlation analysis showed that Rfm was significantly positively correlated with the number of brace roots, while stalk breaking percentage was significantly positively correlated with the crushing strength of the 3rd internode, indicating that the increase in Rfm and stalk breaking percentage under straw mixed retention was related to the increase in the number of brace roots and the crushing strength of the 3rd internode. Therefore, the practice of straw crushing and returning to the field can effectively improve the ability of root and stem lodging resistance of some maize varieties in the humid and cold areas of Northeast China.