Cycled planting-livestock farming can effectively take the best advantages of farming and livestock industry, reduce the waste of resources, and prevent environmental pollution to a certain extent. The black soil region is located in the cold and arid area in Northeast (NE) China, and agricultural activities are significantly affected by climate. The lower rate of agricultural resource utilization and higher cost of resource reuse have extensively restricted the economic development in this region. Developing cycled planting-livestock farming may speed up the material circulation agricultural system to the most extent, and maximize the regional economic and ecological benefits. In this study, we summarized the characteristics of different cycled planting-livestock farming modes in the black soil region of NE China by collecting published literatures, and news in websites. The ecological and economic benefits among different modes were comprehensively compared. Then, the Hailun City, located in the heart of the black soil of the Songnen Plain in NE China, was selected as an example to demonstrate the actual demand of sustainable, high-efficient and grain-saving of the cycled planting-livestock farming. Emphasis on the development processes of the cycled agriculture mode was expounded. The economic effects between traditional agricultural mode and the cycled agriculture mode were further analyzed. Finally, suggestions of the future development of cycled planting-livestock farming in Hailun City were proposed. The paper is expected to provide some useful ideas in improving the productivity of the black soil system continuously, ensuring the sustainable development and utilization of black soil resources. This study will also provide some references for the development of cycled agriculture in the NE region.