Impacts of Residue Return on Nitrogen Utilization in Crops: A Review
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摘要: 秸秆还田改善土壤化学性质,并为作物提供养分,进而可减少化肥施用量。开展还田秸秆的氮素转化、量化秸秆的供氮能力,以及作物对秸秆氮素的利用情况等方面的研究对于全面评价秸秆还田效果是必不可少的。文章综述了秸秆还田对氮素循环和共生固氮的影响,总结了作物对秸秆氮素的利用率,以及15N示踪技术在秸秆还田后的氮素转化研究中的应用。提出今后应加强典型土壤上秸秆氮转化及作物利用秸秆氮的研究,尤其是大豆共生固氮与秸秆氮利用的关系,重点解析作物根际效应对秸秆氮矿化的影响。Abstract: Residue return can provide nutrients for crops due to residue mineralization,thereby reducing the application of chemical fertilizers.Investigations on the mineralization of residue nitrogen (N) in soil,the supply capability of residue N to crops,and the use efficiency of residue N by crop plants are essential to assess the gain of residue return in agricultural systems.We reviewed the effect of residue return on nitrogen cycling and nitrogen fixation in legumes,and the crop utilization of residue N.The application of 15N labeling technique in the studies on the turnover of residue N was also addressed.It is essential to further study the turnover of residue N and crop use efficiency of residue N in typical soils,especially the association of symbiotic N fixation with the utilization of residue N.The rhizospheric effect on the mineralization of residue N would be the most interesting aspect in the mechanisms of the utilization of residue N.
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