Abstract: Taking Zhenyuan county of Gansu province as a study area and considering China's ecological conditions for optimal maize planting, local ecological factors were selected, by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and fuzzy methods, to have an overall evaluation for ecological adaptation of spring maize planting in this area. The results showed that the overall evaluation index was 0.68, meaning that the area was suitable for spring maize planting. An analysis for ecological factors showed that, the membership degrees of soil available potassium and soil organic matter content were 0.39 and 0.52, respectively; the membership degree of >10℃accumulated temperature was close 1.0, with an optimal value for spring maize planting. Therefore, the analysis indicated that Zhenyuan county of Gansu province was an optimal area for spring maize planting in terms of temperature; and the restrained ecological factors for spring maize planting in this area were soil available potassium and soil organic matter content; thus the improvement of soil potassium and organic matter content would increase maize yield and economic benefit locally.